Oral Cancer Screening

Screening for Oral Cancer

Oral cancer can be life-threatening if it is not detected early. Dentists typically screen for oral cancer during a regular dental exam, although a separate appointment can also be booked if a patient has concerns about unusual symptoms.

Early Detection Is Best

Oral cancer affects the soft tissues of the mouth, including the lips, tongue, sinuses, palate, and throat. Early detection provides the best chance of successful treatment, as outcomes are significantly better in the early stages.

According to the Oral Cancer Foundation, oral cancer rates continue to rise annually. However, when detected early, survival rates can be as high as 80–90%.

Signs of Oral Cancer

Oral cancer often begins as abnormalities in the mouth, such as sores, growths, thickening of tissue, swelling, lumps, or other unusual changes.

Other possible signs include:

• Unexplained or excessive bleeding in the mouth
• Numbness in the mouth, face, or neck
• Difficulty chewing or speaking due to jaw movement
• Hoarseness or changes in voice
• Unexplained weight loss
• Ear pain

If symptoms persist for more than two weeks, it is important to consult a dentist or medical professional.

Risk Factors for Oral Cancer

The two most common risk factors for oral cancer are tobacco use and infection with HPV-16. In some cases, there may be no identifiable cause.

Additional risk factors include:

• Alcohol consumption
• Prolonged sun exposure (linked to lip cancer)
• Poor nutrition
• Weakened immune system

The combination of smoking and alcohol significantly increases the risk. Even non-smokers should be screened regularly, as oral cancer can occur without tobacco use.

Reducing the Risk of Oral Cancer

• Quit smoking: Smoking is one of the leading causes of oral cancer. Your dentist can help you find resources to quit.
• Visit your dentist regularly: Routine check-ups help detect cancer in its early stages.
• Maintain good oral hygiene: Poor oral health may increase risk.
• Seek care early: Do not ignore persistent sores or lumps.

The Oral Cancer Screening Process

Oral cancer screening is usually performed during a routine dental exam, but can also be scheduled separately if symptoms are present.

Your dentist will ask about risk factors and examine your head, neck, jaw, and mouth, checking for lumps or irregularities in the tissues.

If cancer is suspected, additional tests such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI, or a biopsy may be required. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy depending on the diagnosis.

Find a Dentist Near You

You can find a dental professional near you using the 123Dentist search tool. Many clinics across Canada offer oral cancer screening services.